Avebury Wiltshire though larger than STONE!-IENGE and in some ways more impressive, has never caught public imagination in quite the same way. John Aubrey, writing in the l7th centuary thought it exceeded Stonehenge as a cathedral does a parish church, and persuaded Charles 11 to visit it. But Avebury only became better known after William Stukely published his book a century later.
The best introduction is by way of an impressive avenue of great stones set parallel to the road from West Kennet. The site itself covers some 29 acres and is surrounded by a bank some l5 ft high, which probably seems less high than it was originally, as the surrounding outer ditch has gradually silted up.

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This bank, which also encloses the village, is intersected by four roads, three of which and probably the fourth, though this has not yet been excavated, were ancient causeways. Originally there was a circle consisting of some 100 sarsen stones, brought from the Marlborough Downs. But unlike those at Stonehenge none of these stones was worked. Instead they seem to have been chosen for their natural shape, some being tall uprights and others like diamonds, perhaps representing the male and female figure. Of the particularly large stones which stood at the circle’s entrances two survive at the south and one at the north entrance.

Inside this great outer circle were two smaller formations. The Central Circle was made up of about 30 stones, though today, sadly, only about four survive. Inside stood three stones, of which two still stand, called a cove. The other small formation, known as the South Circle, originally consisted of some 32 stones, of which five now stand, but the position of some others is marked.

There was also a large stone at the centre. Inside the South Circle stones were set roughly in the shape of a huge D, the upright line of smaller stones being known as Z stones. Standing separate was one single stone, pierced by a natural hole. Avebury was probably built during the late Neolithic period between c. 2000 and 1600 B.C., by the Beaker Folk. Some of the pottery after which these people were named has been found nearby. But although Avebury probably had a religious significance no one knows quite why it was constructed.
Unfortunately, the site has suffered great desecration. Even in the 14th cent. stones were being toppled and broken, as a skeleton discovered in 1938 proves. The man had been crushed by a stone falling on him. Silver from the reign of Edward 1 was found in his pouch, while a pair of scissors hung at his belt.
Later, in the 18th cent., as Stukely has indignantly described, many of the stones were heated and subsequently broken up in order to clear the ground. Fragments can still be seen built into the manor, the church and village houses. Since that date excavations had been made, culminating in the great work undertaken by Alexander Keiller before the second World War.

The National Trust now owns some 900 acres around the area.. Much of what has been excavated in the area is available to view in the museum in the village.To the south of the Bath Road, and at the end ofthe Kennet Stone Avenue, lies the Sanctuary, a series of concentric circles, with the holes marked which were dug to take wooden posts and stones. (The site is open to visitors)
Silbury Hill which has a curious cone which juts out from from the surrounding landscape, is located one mile from Avebury, built on a natural chalk ridge. About three quarters of the hill, which covers some five acres at the base and reaches a height of 130 ft, is artificial. No one quite knows why, or even when, it was built. But it was certainly there before the Roman road.
Some efforts to excavate the site have been made over the years, the latest including in 1967 when the B.B.C. created a shaft. But over the years and the excavations not much material of interest has been discovered.

Silbury Hill can easily be seen from the road, and from Avebury. Close by approaching by a footpath from the Bath Road, is the West Kennet Long Barrow, It is a mound some 350 ft long and was used as a tomb over a period of years. Made up of a long passage and five burial chambers, it was thought to have been built c. 2700 B.C.

Windmill Hill is a rounded hill about one mile north west of Avebury, the top of which shows the remains of three concentric lines of earthworks built around c. 2500 B.C.all though the reason for it is not known, the hill gave its name to the Neolithic farmers who
arrived from the Continent around c. 3000 B.C. and colonized the southern areas of England.

Avebury village is both pretty and interesting and provides a great tourist destination, it boasts a fine church and a manor house. Avebury Manor stands on a site once given to Sir William Sharington, but it was taken away from him again after he had been convicted of clipping the coinage at the Bristol Mint.
The house itself dates back to Elizabethan times, and is open to the public and worth while a visit. It contains interesting panelling and plasterwork, and is also famous for its wonderful gardens and topiary, and a magnificent circular dovecot dating back centuries.
The Church of St James lies just outside the grassy bank of Avebury. It is mentioned in the Domesday Book, some of the nave and windows dating back to Anglo-Saxon times. The Norman aisles were built in the l2th centuary and there is also an early Norman font.